environmental hazards caused by living conditions and human behaviour in residential areas are types of manmade hazards which have rarely been studied and documented in literature. available studies that had considered theconventional residential environment had proved that residents’ perception were influenced by human and environmental factors. with focus on educational institutions, this pap...

those who practise “less than” tertiary care medicine from our community is self-defeating. I believe that we will gain much more strength as a larger, more unified community. I would encourage CAEP and our EM community at large to engage in discussions about consolidated training, and wouldn’t argue against “fellowships” and other recognitions of distinction in training. I believe that our EM ...

background decentralisation aims to bring services closer to the community and has been advocated in the health sector to improve quality, access and equity, and to empower local agencies, increase innovation and efficiency and bring healthcare and decision-making as close as possible to where people live and work. fiji has attempted two approaches to decentralisation. the current approach refl...

Background Decentralisation aims to bring services closer to the community and has been advocated in the health sector to improve quality, access and equity, and to empower local agencies, increase innovation and efficiency and bring healthcare and decision-making as close as possible to where people live and work. Fiji has attempted two approaches to decentralisation. The current approach refl...

BACKGROUND In Japan, the emergency medical system is categorized into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary, depending on the severity of the condition of the patient. Tertiary care centres accept patients who require 24-h monitoring. In this research, the average travel times (minutes) from the centroids of all municipalities in Japan to the nearest tertiary care centre were estimated...

BACKGROUND The frequency of penetrating trauma is low in Canada. Current recommendations for the care of patients with penetrating injuries originate from inner city trauma centres with a high volume of such injuries and may not apply to Canada. The purpose of this study was to review the incidence and treatment of penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries in the 4 tertiary trauma centres in Quebec...

OBJECTIVES England's National Health Service (NHS) introduced a 62-day target, from referral to treatment, to make lung cancer patient pathways more efficient. This study aims to understand pathway delays that lead to breaches of the target when patients need care in both secondary and tertiary setting, so more than one institution is involved. DESIGN Mixed methods cross case analysis. SETT...

OBJECTIVES The current number of healthcare providers (HCP) caring for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) across Canadian tertiary-care centres is underinvestigated. The aim of this survey was to assess the number of healthcare providers (HCP) in ambulatory pediatric IBD care across Canadian tertiary-care centres. METHODS Using a self-administered questionnaire, we examined availa...